Graviola Fruit Bar Added Acerola By-Product Extract Protects Against Inflammation and Nociception in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Studies involving foods associated with pain reversal and anti-inflammatory effects using zebrafish are rarely reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of graviola (Annona muricata L.) fruit bar (GFB) and GFB added with acerola (Malpighia glabra L) seed extract (ASE) on acute nociception and abdominal inflammation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute nociception was induced by formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidic saline, glutamate (cutaneous models), and hypertonic saline (corneal model), and inflammation was induced by carrageenan. Both GFB and ASE exhibited antinociceptive effect modulated by the nitrergic system, guanylate cyclase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and acid-sensing ion channels. The antinociceptive effect of GFB also appears to be modulated by the opioid system and glutamatergic receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor). Only ASE presented corneal antinociceptive effect. Both samples showed anti-inflammatory effect, being more significant the effect of GFB. The addition of acerola by-product extract in GFB results in a product with greater biological potential.

POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW NUTS FROM CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROCESSING

This research aimed to determine the total extractable polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of cashew nut obtained from conventional and organic cultivation. The study was performed with cashew nuts collected at four stages of processing: after shelling, before peeling, after peeling and during packaging. The antioxidant activity was measured by the methods with the radicals ABTS•+ and DPPH• and by the ß-carotene/linoleic acid system. The nuts collected in the steps after shelling and before peeling presented higher antioxidant activity than those collected after peeling and during packaging. Little variation occurred in the content of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays between the two cultivation methods studied.